Date of Publication :12th October 2017

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide emergency navigation services, given their easy deployment and the ability of intelligent sensing and communication. They help people in escaping from a hazardous region safely and quickly when an emergency occurs. However guiding more and more people to the same exit, causes congestion which does not help in timely evacuation. Many a times, trapped people move back and forth during navigation, known as oscillation. Frequent oscillations lead to the people remaining in danger for a longer period of time, and decreases their chances of survival. The evacuation systems must provide shortest and safest navigation path with reduced congestion. In this paper, we give a survey of various emergency navigation schemes. The existing systems are evaluated in terms of parameters such as scalability, congestion avoidance, evacuation time, survival rate, communication cost, reaction to emergency dynamics and navigation efficiency with guaranteed safety.

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