Author : Ms. Dhanashri M. Kadakane 1
Date of Publication :7th February 2017
Abstract: Echo is the repetition of a waveform due to reflection from points where the characteristics of the medium through which the wave propagates changes. Echo is usefully employed in sonar and radar for detection and exploration purposes. In telecommunication, echo can degrade the quality of service, and echo cancellation is an important part of communication systems. In hands-free telephony and in teleconference systems, the main aim is to provide a good free voice quality when two or more people communicate from different places. The problem often arises during the conversation is the creation of acoustic echo. This problem will cause the bad quality of voice signal and thus talkers could not hear clearly the content of the conversation, even thought lost the important information. This acoustic echo is actually the noise which is created by the reflection of sound waves by the wall of the room and the other things exist in the room. The main objective for engineers is the cancellation of this acoustic echo and provides an echo free environment for speakers during conversation. For this purpose, scientists design different adaptive filter algorithms. In the context of acoustic echo cancellation (AEC), it is shown that the level of sparseness in acoustic impulse responses can vary greatly in a mobile environment. When the response is strongly sparse, convergence of conventional approaches is poor. we propose a class of AEC algorithms that can not only work well in both sparse and dispersive circumstances, but also adapt dynamically to the level of sparseness using a new sparseness-controlled approach. The proposed algorithms achieve these improvements with only a modest increase in computational complexity.
Reference :
-
[1] J. Radecki, Z. Zilic, and K. Radecka, ―Echo cancellation in IP networks,‖ in Proc. 45th Midwest Symp. Circuits Syst., 2002, vol. 2, pp. 219–222.
[2] D. L. Duttweiler, ―Proportionate normalized least mean square adaptation in echo cancellers,‖ IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 508– 518, Sep. 2000.
[3] A. W. H. Khong, J. Benesty, and P. A. Naylor, stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation: Analysis of the misalignment in the frequency domain,‖ IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 33–36, Jan. 2006.
[4] H. Deng and M. Doroslovacki, ―Wavelet-based MPNLMS adaptive algorithm for network echo cancellation,‖ EURASIP J. Audio, Speech, Music Process., 2007.
[5] R. H. Kwong and E. Johnston, ―A variable step size LMS algorithm,‖ IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1633–1642, Jul. 1992.
[6] C. Rusu and F. N. Cowan, ―The convex variable step size (CVSS) algorithm,‖ IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 256–258, Sep.2000.
[7] J. Sanubari, ―A new variable step size method for the LMS adaptive filter,‖ in Proc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Conf. Circuits Syst., 2004, pp. 501–504.
[8] B. A. Schnaufer and W. K. Jenkins, ―New datareusing LMS algorithms for improved convergence,‖ in Proc. 27th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst., Comput., 1993, pp. 1584–1588.
[9] K. A. G. Robert, A. Soni, and W. K. Jenkins, ―Lowcomplexity data reusing methods in adaptive filtering,‖ IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 394–405, Feb. 2004.
[10] A. W. H. Khong and P. A. Naylor, ―Selective-tap adaptive algorithms in the solution of the nonuniqueness problem for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation,‖ IEEE Signal Processing Lett., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 269–272, Apr. 2005.
[11] J. Benesty and S. L. Gay, ―An improved PNLMS algorithm,‖ in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics Speech Signal Processing, vol. 2, 2002, pp. 1881–1884.
[12] G. Egelmeers, P. Sommen, and J. de Boer, ―Realization of an acoustic echo canceller on a single DSP,‖ in Proc. Eur. Signal Processing Conf. (EUSIPCO96), Trieste, Italy, pp. 33–36, Sept. 1996.
[13] A. Deshpande and S. L. Grant, ―A new multialgorithm approach to sparse system adaptation,‖ in Proc. Eur. Signal Process. Conf., 2005.
[14] Andy W.H. Khong and Patrick A. Naylor ―Efficient Use Of Sparse Adaptive Filters‖ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.
[15]Radhika Chinaboina, D.S.Ramkiran, Habibulla Khan, M.Usha, B.T.P.Madhav, K.Phani Srinivas & G.V.Ganesh ,‖Adaptive Algorithms For Acoustic Echo Cancellation In Speech Processing‖Volumes/Vol7Issue1/IJRRAS_7_1_05
[16]S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th edition, Information and System Sciences series. Prentice Hall, 2002.
[17] P. Loganathan, A. W. H. Khong, and P. A. Naylor, ―A Class of sparseness controlled algorithm for echo cancellation,‖ in Proc. Eur. Signal Process. Conf. (EUSIPCO), Lausanne, Switzerland, NOV.2009.