Date of Publication :17th January 2024

Abstract: In the contemporary landscape of automotive technology, the intricate orchestration of vehicle functions heavily relies on the Engine Control Units (ECUs) that meticulously manage and optimize engine performance. The efficacy of these ECUs hinges upon the underlying operating systems, their capacity for real-time responsiveness, unwavering reliability, and deterministic behaviour. This comprehensive research paper delves into the diverse array of operating systems utilized within Engine Control Units, placing a specific emphasis on real-time operating systems (RTOS). Real-time capabilities stand as linchpins in automotive applications, ensuring the punctual and predictable execution of critical tasks. This study embarks on a thorough investigation of several prominent RTOS solutions that dominate this domain. Among these are the Embedded Kernel, Vehicle Distributed Executive, AUTOSAR, FreeRTOS, QNX, Integrity, and Linux fortified with real-time patches. The paper adopts an in-depth analytical approach, seeking to unravel the nuanced strengths, weaknesses, and overall suitability of these operating systems for deployment within the exacting and demanding automotive environment. Each system is scrutinized through various lenses, meticulously exploring their capacities, adaptabilities, and limitations within the intricate ecosystem of modern vehicle engineering. This comprehensive analysis endeavours to provide invaluable insights for automotive engineers, system designers, and stakeholders in the automotive industry. By elucidating the intricate nuances of these operating systems, the paper aims to guide informed decision-making processes regarding the selection and implementation of RTOS solutions, thereby advancing the realm of automotive technology towards higher levels of efficiency, reliability, and safety.

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